Paulus, however, surrendered and later spoke out against the Nazi's while in Soviet captivity. He expected Paulus to fight to the death or commit suicide, rather than surrender. Hitler was angry with General Paulus for surrendering. Finally, weak from lack of food and freezing from the cold winter, the majority of the German army surrendered. Soon the Germans began to run out of food. They trapped the German army inside of Stalingrad. In November, the Soviets gathered and made a counter attack. Soviet Soldiers fight in the streets of the city This brutal battle began to take its toll on the Germans. Soviets hid all over the city, in buildings and even the sewers, attacking the German soldiers. Fighting in the city of Stalingrad was fierce. However, the Soviet troops were not ready to give up. Soon the German army moved in and was able to take a large portion of the city. The battle began with the German air force, the Luftwaffe, bombing the Volga River and the then the city of Stalingrad. After months of fighting and finally nearly starving to death, the Germans surrendered on February 2, 1943. The battle took place during the last part of 1942 and early 1943. In 1961 the city's name was changed to Volgograd, meaning Volga City. Stalingrad was called Tsaritsyn until 1925 when it was renamed Stalingrad in honor of Josef Stalin. This made the city important to Stalin and also important to Hitler, who hated Stalin. Also, it was named after the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. It was a major industrial and communications center for the Soviet Union in the south. Stalingrad was located in Southwest Russia on the Volga River.
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